In the 1st class of our elective Business Analytics, we learnt about the basics of SPSS software.
® We started the class with what is the meaning of case and variable.
® Case means rows and variables mean columns.
® Then how to edit the data in variable view.
® The difference between various variable types like numeric, comma, dot, scientific notation, date, dollar, custom currency and string. We can change the type just by clicking on it.
® Category Variables: Variables which have values are called category variables.
® The width and decimals also can be changed as per the need.
® We need to make the labels descriptive as in the output it will be seen, and people referring to the output can understand it easily.
® For measure we can choose between Nominal, Ordinal and Scale.
® Nominal Measurement: In nominal measurement the numerical values just name the attribute uniquely. No ordering of the cases is implied.
® Ordinal Measurement: The attributes can be rank-ordered so we have the person or object on 1st, 2nd or 3rd position, but we don’t know the difference between 1st and 2nd rank. So the magnitudes can’t be known here
® Scale: We know the magnitude in scale measurement. Eg: Height, Weight, Age, Income etc
® Scale can be converted into ordinal, but visa versa is not possible.
® Next we started with the analyze menu, seeing the options in descriptive statistics.
® Descriptive statistics: The way the data is distributed.
® Frequency and Cross tabs are the options we learned in Descriptive statistics.
® Frequency: Here we can choose any label, go to frequency option, choose the variable. In the output sheet we can see the chosen variable with valid percentage and cumulative percentage.
® Cross tabs: We can choose 1 variable in row and another in column. The output will show both of them.
® What we are comparing is taken in the rows and so the other variable is taken in columns.
® We can check percentages for the values in both the rows and columns, and use the chi-square techniques also.
® For the results of chi-square, if the significance value is less than 0.05, than there is a significant relationship between the 2 variables. And so we reject the hypothesis.
® It is called Null Hypothesis, when there is no relationship between the 2 variables.
® These are today’s learning from SPSS software.
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